Tourism development in every geographical place brings Environmental impact along with positive and negative economic and social consequences. In case of containing it can follow improbable harm. In this respect this research is evaluate environmental impact affected by tourism development is coast of RAMSAR CITY. The case study is Caspian coast and RAMSAR CITY that attract a lot of internal tourism every year. the finding and questionnaire supplemented by inhabitants show that development of this kind of tourism has followed great environmental impacts that some of important ones including destruction of plant covers, pollution of coast water and damaging coast land escape.

Hot springs Mine phenomena are specific geographic areas emerged find. Complex urban life increase being caused by this disease was a factor that has long caused citizens from natural treatments to reduce neurological disorders, fatigue, muscle aches and joint pains and ... Use one of these methods use hot springs have been. CITY of RAMSAR beautiful cities in the north that leads الیه located West province, this CITY an important tourist attraction and infrastructure of the past. Geological structure of this CITY is such a place where creating a large number of mineral spa. Taken during the research that has been a descriptive way society views tourists sample the hot springs were used was evaluated and The result expression this is a great potential in the use of hot springs in RAMSAR CITY to become one of the true poles of tourism there.

Research in the field identify and develop effective strategies to manage urban development strategic CITY of RAMSAR in 93-1392 done. In the context of cross-sectional study based on the views of 70 experts and members of civil administration and the university have been made. Information through questionnaires and statements collected in accordance with SWOT technique. Identify effective strategies in seven stages Shnasass of four external and internal environment assessment and finally RAMSAR management strategies of urban development strategies in the form of SO, WO, ST, WT identification and special tables with the priorities identified and proposed respectively.

Today, tourism is one of the most important and effective economic issues and is one of the prominent factors of communication, social and cultural in the world. The competition that tourist destinations are currently facing has created a need to understand the process by which these destinations generate satisfaction and loyalty. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the role of factors affecting the loyalty of tourists in RAMSAR tourist destination. The present study was applied, descriptive and correlation based on structural equation modeling based on partial least squares method. Population (participants) of the study consisted of Iranian tourists visiting RAMSAR CITY tourism destination. The sample size was 400 people. Sampling method was simple random. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0. 889). A confirmatory factor analysis was used to ensure the reliability of the measurement models. Data analysis was performed using SPSS24 and SmartPLS2 software packages. The results showed that all hypotheses were confirmed and determined that marketing innovation, the attractiveness of urban activities, destination image, tourism destination characteristics and perceived quality through intermediary variables such as perceived value and satisfaction played a significant role in Loyalty to the CITY of RAMSAR. According to the analysis, the results and suggestions were presented.

Introduction In this study, effective dose equivalent for the public due to internal exposure to 222radon (222Rn) was evaluated in three regions of RAMSAR, a northern coastal CITY in Iran. Materials and Methods Measurements were carried out using a radon monitoring device. Outdoor and indoor radon concentrations were measured within 24 hours with an integration interval of 3 hours. Regions were selected with respect to our previous study on areas of RAMSAR with high levels of environmental background radiation. Results This study showed that indoor 222Rn concentration reached to 465 Bq/m3 in one of the selected regions (Talesh Mahalleh) in early morning (5-8 a. m. ). Our study also showed that the average effective dose equivalents (due to both indoor and outdoor exposures) in the selected regions (Talesh Mahalleh, Sadat Mahalleh, and Chaparsar) were 9. 5± 2. 8, 5. 1± 2. 1, and 3. 2± 1. 2 mSv/y, respectively. Conclusion It is clear that the annual effective dose from internal exposure to 222Rn in areas of RAMSAR with high levels of natural radiation was significantly higher than the maximum annual effective dose permissible for public.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Poor health and malnutrition in childhood may affect cognitive abilities necessary for learning process and consequently, educational achievement. This study was done to determine physical and nutritional status in primary school children in RAMSAR, Iran in 2003.METHODS: In this cross- sectional study 294 primary school children (grades 1-5) were selected by cluster sampling. Data was gathered by demographic questionnaire, hygienic and curative form, Harvard's Food Frequency Questionnaire (HFFQ). Every assessed item in hygienic and curative form (visual acuity, hearing, spinal cord, skin, hair and nails status) with normal health status has 1 score. Therefore 4 score means normal health status and 0-3 score means deviation from normal health status. FINDINGS: Mean age for the children was 9.5 years. The prevalence of normal health status was 65.6% (193 children) and the prevalence of deviation from normal health status was 34.4% (101 children). There was significant relationship between normal health status with their fathers literacy (p= 0.028) and sex (p=0.0001). 29.3%, 53.7%, 77.8%, 13% and 27.7% of samples always ate dairy products, meat, egg, vegetables and fruits, respectively. There was significant relationship between family income sufficiency with frequency of milk and dairy products (p=0.001) and meat (p=0.0001) and fruits (0.0001).CONCLUSION: Government policies need to focus on promotion of physical health status, nutrition education through adult education programs and incorporating it in the school curricula and promotion of family income sufficiency.

Ecotourism, as a modern phenomenon, with a tourism purpose behind, involves observation of and enjoying nature as well as natural and cultural phenomena and landscapes and it can be referred to as one of the new sources of income to serve the purpose of sustainable development. Hence, identifying the capabilities and the methods of developing ecotourism is of great importance in various geographic regions. To this end, the current research investigates into the feasibility of developing ecotourism in the CITY of RAMSAR. The required data were collected via utilizing library research and English references as well as via referring to the related literature and have been analyzed through SWOT-FANP andFUZZY Techniques. The results help identifying existing potentials and weaknesses in the CITY of RAMSAR and showing the fact that what minimizes tourism attraction barriers and maximizes domestic and foreign investors in line with economic development are primarily qualitative and quantitative enhancement of welfare and service facilities provided concerning the location of the CITY in the context of the nature and then exploiting all potentials of the CITY, including historical, natural and etc. Also, suggestions will be made improving ecotourism in the very region.

Introduction: Due to the growth of environmental crisis in the last two decades in human settlements in general and in cities in particular, thinkers and researchers in the field of environmental sciences have sought approaches and strategies that improve livability in cities. One of the most pervasive approaches, proposed to achieve the environmental dimensions of sustainable urban development, has been the return of humans to nature under the name of biophilia. However, no coherent and comprehensive research has been done on how this concept affects the livability and quality of urban life. In this regard, this study has been conducted with the aim of identifying how biophilic dimensions affect the perception of people in cities regarding the quality of their lives. Methodology: To achieve this goal, after reviewing two concepts, biophilia in cities and the quality of urban life, the conceptual model of the research was explained and surveyed using a questionnaire in the CITY of RAMSAR in northern Iran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey with regard to a method. The CITY of RAMSAR was selected as a study site due to its special natural richness and at the same time the rapid growth of human structures and the destruction of natural spaces. The study sample includes 384 citizens of RAMSAR based on the Cochran's formula. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in smartpls software. Results: The conceptual model of research based on biophilic indicators includes four factors: "necessary infrastructures and conditions", "biophilic activities", "biophilic attitudes and awareness" and "biophilic organizations and institutions". The results showed that the three factors "physical form", "biophilic organizations" and "biophilic attitudes and awareness" as the most significant biophilic factors in affecting the quality of life of RAMSAR citizens have been effective through a special mechanism. Conclusion: Destruction of proportions and natural elements in recent years by unplanned constructions and inconsistencies between the physical form and natural elements in this CITY are known by citizens as the main reasons for the decline in the quality of life in this CITY. According to the citizens' mentality, the pervasiveness of biophilic attitudes and awareness will change the priorities of governance in cities and increase attention to nature. Moreover, the existence of biophilic attitudes and awareness among citizens will cause them to pay attention to their health. In general, in this process, the quality of life of citizens is gradually affected

Background & Aims: loneliness has some implications for health. The relationship between loneliness and nutritional status requires careful and principled investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between loneliness and nutritional status of the elderly. Methods: 440 elderly 60 years and older individuals from Social Security Administration, Education Retirees Association, and Health Center were selected randomly Descriptive-Analytical study in 2018. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire, UCLA loneliness scale (20-80 Score in four levels; without loneliness, low, moderate and high) and mini nutritional assessment (0-30 score at three levels of malnutrition, at risk of malnutrition and normal nutritional status). Results: The Mean ± SD age for the participants was 65. 32(6. 22). The relationship between nutritional status and loneliness of 68 elderly people without feeling alone (<20), 85. 3% had normal nutritional status, of 317 elderly people with low loneliness (39-21), 80. 4% had normal nutritional status. Of 52 elderly people with moderate loneliness (59-40), 63. 5% were at risk of malnutrition. Loneliness in the elderly was significantly associated with an increased risk of malnutrition (OR = 4. 2276, P = 0. 00). Conclusion: According to the felling of loneliness, more than half of the elderly and the reverse connection between the feelings of loneliness with the state of nutrition, holding free consultation classes in order to reduce the feeling of retired elderly loneliness by the politicians of the health system.